GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES AS LINGUISTIC AND CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors
Usmonova Mohinur ()Files
Abstract
This article examines the concept of toponyms, their linguistic nature, classification, and the process of toponymization. Particular attention is given to the role of geographical names in identifying and distinguishing geographical objects, as well as their significance as carriers of historical, cultural, and linguistic information. The study discusses the main branches of toponymy, including hydronymy, oronymy, oikonymy, microtoponymy, ethnotoponymy, and anthropotoponymy. Furthermore, the article explores the transformation of common nouns into proper geographical names through the processes of concretization and individualization. It is argued that toponyms constitute valuable linguistic and cultural heritage, preserving evidence of historical events, ethnic identities, and ancient language layers.
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