Omega Journal of Linguistics and Language Studies
OMEGA Journal of Linguistics and Language Studies is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal dedicated to advancing research in linguistics, language, and communication. The journal provides a platform for scholars, educators, and researchers to publish high-quality work in both theoretical and applied aspects of language studies across diverse linguistic and cultural contexts. Key Highlights: Peer-reviewed (Double-blind) Open Access Journal Monthly Publication International Scope Frequency of Publication: Monthly Languages: English, Polish and Russian Publication Format: Electronic ISSN (E): 3072-4678
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STRATEGIES FOR PREPARING STUDENTS FOR ENGLISH SPEAKING EXAMINATIONS
This article examines effective strategies for preparing university students for English speaking examinations, with particular attention to the needs of learners studying at philological universities. Speaking examinations require students to demonstrate linguistic knowledge, communicative competence, fluency, accuracy, pronunciation, coherence, and the ability to respond appropriately under time pressure. However, many learners experience difficulties caused by limited vocabulary, insufficient speaking practice, fear of making mistakes, and examination anxiety. The article discusses a systematic approach that combines familiarity with examination formats, regular communicative practice, vocabulary development, pronunciation training, simulated speaking tests, peer collaboration, and constructive teacher feedback. It emphasizes that successful preparation should develop spontaneous communication rather than encourage the memorization of complete answers. Classroom activities such as role-plays, interviews, discussions, presentations, picture descriptions, and problem-solving tasks can help students express ideas clearly and confidently. The use of digital recordings and self-assessment also enables learners to identify weaknesses and monitor their progress. Particular attention is given to creating a supportive learning environment in which mistakes are treated as a natural part of language development. The article argues that speaking performance improves when instruction combines language development with examination techniques and psychological preparation. The proposed strategies may assist English teachers in organizing purposeful preparation courses and help students approach speaking examinations with greater competence, independence, and confidence.
English speaking examinations, communicative competence, speaking skills, fluency, accuracy, pronunciation, examination preparation, assessment, feedback, speaking anxiety.
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CURRENT TRENDS IN DEVELOPING MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY IN HIGHER EDUCATION
The rapid transformation of digital communication has made media and information literacy an essential component of higher education. University students must be able to locate, evaluate, interpret, create, and communicate information while responding responsibly to misinformation, algorithmic influence, artificial intelligence, privacy risks, and ethical challenges. This study examines current trends in developing media and information literacy among students at pedagogical universities, with particular attention to the higher education context of Uzbekistan. A mixed-methods approach is used to investigate how media and information literacy is incorporated into university teaching and how students and instructors perceive emerging instructional practices. Data are obtained through curriculum analysis, student questionnaires, lecturer interviews, and classroom observations. The study identifies several major trends, including the integration of media literacy across academic disciplines, increased emphasis on fact-checking and source verification, the responsible use of generative artificial intelligence, digital content creation, collaborative and project-based learning, attention to cybersecurity and privacy, and the use of authentic online materials. The findings suggest that students generally possess functional digital skills but experience difficulties in evaluating credibility, recognizing hidden bias, understanding algorithmic selection, and using artificial intelligence transparently. Instructors increasingly recognize the importance of media and information literacy, although implementation remains uneven because of limited training, insufficient instructional resources,differences in technological access, and the absence of consistent assessment criteria. The study emphasizes the need for an institution-wide approach that combines curriculum development, teacher preparation, practical media production, critical inquiry, and ethical digital participation. The findings are relevant to pedagogical universities because future teachers require comprehensive media and information literacy to guide learners effectively in complex and rapidly changing information environments.
Media and information literacy, higher education, digital literacy, artificial intelligence literacy, critical thinking, misinformation, fact-checking, digital citizenship, teacher education, media ethics.
THE HARMONY OF THOUGHT AND FEELING IN THE POETRY OF IQBOL MIRZO
Mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston xalq shoiri Iqbol Mirzo she’riyatida fikr va tuyg‘u uyg‘unligini ta’minlashga xizmat qiluvchi badiiy-estetik tamoyillar tahlil qilinadi. Shoirning poetik mahorati fikrni aniq, lo‘nda va ta’sirchan ifodalash, inson ruhiyatining murakkab hamda nozik kechinmalarini badiiy talqin etish jarayonida namoyon bo‘lishi yoritiladi. Tadqiqotda ijodkorning individual uslubi, so‘z va ifoda tanlashdagi o‘ziga xosligi, davr ruhini aks ettirish usullari hamda emotsional-estetik ta’sirni kuchaytiruvchi poetik vositalarning funksional ahamiyati ochib beriladi. Natijada Iqbol Mirzo she’riyatida fikr teranligi va hissiy ta’sirchanlikning uzviy birligi uning badiiy mahoratini belgilovchi muhim omil ekanligi asoslanadi.
She’riyat, fikr va tuyg‘u uyg‘unligi, badiiy mahorat, uslub, so‘z va ifoda, ruhiy kechinma, davr ruhi, poetik talqin, emotsional-estetik ta’sir.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FORMATION OF IQBOL MIRZO'S ARTISTIC CREATIVITY
mazkur maqolada O‘zbekiston xalq shoiri Iqbol Mirzo ijodiy mahoratining shakllanish omillari adabiy-estetik nuqtayi nazardan tadqiq etiladi. Shoir poetikasining o‘ziga xos jihatlari xalq og‘zaki ijodi, o‘zbek mumtoz adabiyoti va jahon adabiyoti an’analari bilan uzviy aloqadorlikda tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijasida Iqbol Mirzo she’riyatining badiiy individualligini belgilovchi omillar, xususan, milliy-madaniy qadriyatlarning poetik talqini, obrazlar tizimi, band va qofiya qurilishidagi yangilanishlar hamda musiqiylik va ohangdorlikni ta’minlovchi poetik vositalarning funksional ahamiyati yoritiladi. Shoir ijodida an’ana va novatorlikning o‘zaro uyg‘unlashuvi uning badiiy mahoratini shakllantirgan muhim omillardan biri sifatida baholanadi.
Iqbol Mirzo, xalq og‘zaki ijodi, o‘zbek mumtoz adabiyoti, jahon adabiyoti, poetika, badiiy mahorat, an’ana va novatorlik, band, qofiya, obrazlilik, musiqiylik, ohangdorlik.
INTERPRETATION OF THE PSYCHE AND THE AUTHOR’S STYLE IN ISAJON SULTON’S NOVEL “ALISHER NAVOI”
This article analyzes the artistic interpretations of human psychology in the novel Alisher Navoi by the talented writer Isajon Sulton. It examines the artistic representation of human emotions through various means of the artistic chronotope. Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of the inner experiences, joys, sufferings, and emotional states of Alisher Navoi, the central character of the novel, against the background of the historical environment.
Psychologism, interpretation, artistry, creativity, approach, reality, expression, creative work, concept.
ARTISTIC CHRONOTOPE AS A METAPHYSICAL STRUCTURE
This article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of artistic space and time (chronotope) in the prose of Ulug‘bek Hamdam. The study focuses on identifying the philosophical semantics and artistic functions of a complex chronotopic system structured around dualism and the intersection of different worlds. It demonstrates that in the writer’s works, the chronotope functions as an active participant in events, a materialization of the protagonist’s inner conflict, and an important plot-generating element.
Artistry, function, writer, concept, chronotope, space, time, dualism, symbolism, interpretation, mastery.
CORPUS-BASED METHODS FOR INVESTIGATING DISCOURSE PATTERNS IN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE MEDIA
This article examines corpus-based methods for investigating discourse patterns in English-language media and evaluates their relevance to contemporary philological research. The study focuses on the integration of quantitative corpus techniques with qualitative discourse analysis to identify recurrent lexical choices, collocations, semantic preferences, evaluative expressions, keyword patterns, and grammatical structures in media texts. Particular attention is given to the ways in which frequency, concordance, keyword, cluster, and collocation analyses reveal implicit ideological positions, patterns of representation, and communicative strategies that may remain unnoticed during manual examination. The research considers a balanced corpus of English-language news materials representing different media sources, genres, and thematic categories. Corpus tools are applied to compare linguistic tendencies across selected subcorpora, while contextual interpretation is used to explain the social and pragmatic functions of the identified patterns. The findings indicate that corpus-based methods provide an empirically grounded framework for studying media discourse, reducing excessive reliance on isolated examples and subjective interpretation. At the same time, statistical data acquire analytical value only when examined in relation to context, genre, audience, institutional orientation, and broader sociocultural conditions. The article argues that combining corpus linguistics with critical and interpretive approaches strengthens the reliability, transparency, and reproducibility of media discourse research. This integrated methodology can also support the development of corpus literacy, critical reading, and digital research competence among students of philology
Corpus linguistics, media discourse, discourse patterns, English-language media, corpus-based analysis, concordance, collocation, keywords, semantic preference, critical discourse analysis.
NEUROPEDAGOGICAL CONTENT OF EXISTING AND EXPERIMENTAL METHODS IN LINGUISTICS
This article analyzes the neuropedagogical content of existing and experimental methods used in neurolinguistics. It highlights the significance of neurophysiological, psycholinguistic, and behavioral experimental methods in the process of language learning and reveals their didactic potential in educational practice. In addition, the study substantiates the role of the principle of neuroplasticity, the impact of bilingualism and multilingualism on cognitive development, and the importance of experimental methods in the diagnosis and correction of speech disorders.
Neurolinguistics, neuropedagogy, experimental methods, neurophysiological research, psycholinguistics, neuroplasticity, language teaching, cognitive processes, digital education, bilingualism, multilingualism, didactic strategies.
THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AS A MEANS OF COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE
This paper examines the Russian language as a vital means of communication and the transmission of cultural values. It analyzes the role of Russian in interpersonal and intercultural communication, as well as its importance in preserving national culture, traditions, and historical heritage. Particular attention is paid to the functions of language in modern society, its influence on personality development, and the development of cultural interaction between peoples. It concludes that the Russian language is not only a tool of communication but also an important factor in the spiritual and cultural unity of society.
Russian language, communication, culture, intercultural communication, cultural heritage, national identity, linguistic culture, society, traditions, means of communication.
PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF TEACHING COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES IN TRANSLATING GERMAN MILITARY TERMS INTO UZBEK
This article examines the pedagogical foundations of teaching compression techniques in the translation of German military terms into Uzbek. In military discourse, terminology is characterized by semantic precision, structural complexity, institutional specificity, and a high degree of functional responsibility. When German military terms are translated into Uzbek, translators often face the need to preserve conceptual accuracy while avoiding excessive explanatory expansion. Compression, as a translation technique, allows the translator to convey the essential meaning of complex lexical units, compound terms, abbreviations, and institutional names in a concise and contextually appropriate form. The article analyzes the linguistic, methodological, and didactic aspects of teaching compression strategies to students of German language and translation studies. Special attention is given to the development of terminological competence, contextual analysis skills, comparative linguistic thinking, and the ability to distinguish between necessary semantic preservation and redundant lexical detail. The study emphasizes that effective instruction in compression techniques should be based on authentic military texts, bilingual terminology exercises, functional translation tasks, and reflective analysis of translation variants. The findings indicate that systematic teaching of compression improves students’ ability to translate German military terminology accurately, briefly, and professionally in accordance with the norms of the Uzbek language.
Military terminology, German language, Uzbek translation, compression technique, translation competence, terminological competence, military discourse, pedagogical foundations.
PROVERBS AS LINGUOCULTURAL UNITS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK PAREMIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS
This article examines proverbs as core objects of linguoculturème within the framework of linguoculturology. the analyses of the proverbs reveals that how proverbs encode national-cultural identity, worldview, and value systems in English and Uzbek. The findings suggest that cross-linguistic comparison of proverbial funds yields significant insights into the cultural semantics of each language community.
Linguoculturology, linguoculturème, proverbs, paremiology, anthropocentric paradigm, English, Uzbek, comparative linguistics.
THE ISSUE OF SATIRE AND SOCIAL CRITICISM IN SAID AHMADNINI'S "FORMER" STORY
This article provides an in-depth analysis of the literary-aesthetic features, satirical direction, and socio-philosophical content of the story "Sobiq" by Uzbek People's Writer Said Ahmad. The work sheds light on the issues of artificial hero-making, bureaucracy, flattery, and the ideological falsification of labor values characteristic of the Soviet totalitarian regime, all within a sociological and psychological context. The article also scientifically substantiates the work's relevance to the still-relevant today issues of personality socialization and the manipulation of mass culture.
Satire, irony, social criticism, the value of labor, formalism, flattery, Soviet ideology, personality deformation, artistic mastery, Uzbek prose.
DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH ORAL AND WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SKILLS THROUGH COLLABORATIVE LEARNING
This article examines the development of English oral and written communication skills through collaborative learning in the context of pedagogical higher education. The study focuses on the role of pair work, group tasks, peer feedback, joint problem-solving, discussion-based activities, and project-based learning in improving students’ communicative competence. Collaborative learning is considered not only as a method of organizing classroom interaction but also as a pedagogical condition that encourages active participation, responsibility, language practice, and mutual support among learners. The article highlights that oral communication skills are strengthened through dialogue, debate, presentation, and role-play activities, while written communication skills are developed through collective text construction, peer review, reflective writing, and collaborative editing. Special attention is paid to the integration of linguistic accuracy, fluency, coherence, critical thinking, and social interaction in English language teaching. The findings indicate that collaborative learning creates a supportive educational environment where students become more confident, motivated, and independent in using English for academic and professional purposes.
Definite article, Arabic, English, comparative analysis, the article
PEDAGOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL POTENTIAL OF GAME BASED TECHNOLOGIESIN PRIMARY EDUCATION
This article examines the organization of instruction aimed at developing independent thinking and cognitive growth in primary school students on the basis of enhancing their oral communication skills. This approach is grounded in the initiative and autonomy of the students, tailored to their cognitive capacity, and oriented toward the development of independent reasoning and consciousness. Its outcomes are formed as a product of personal activity and are directed toward cultivating a well-rounded individual, ultimately contributing to improved efficiency in primary education.
Psychological games, methodology, educational technology, didactic game, encyclopedia, role-playing games, improvisation, psychological potential, sustained attention, perception, consciousness and memory.
DIGITAL EPISTEMOLOGY AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY CONVERGENCE IN UZBEKISTAN: SOCIO-PHILOSOPHICAL DIMENSIONS
This article examines the socio-philosophical dimensions of digital epistemology and science–technology convergence in the context of Uzbekistan. The relevance of the study is determined by the transformation of epistemological approaches caused by digitalization, artificial intelligence, and changes in knowledge production mechanisms, as well as by the need to reinterpret their social implications. The purpose of the study is to identify the socio-philosophical foundations of digital epistemology and science–technology convergence in New Uzbekistan and to analyze their role in knowledge production, dissemination, and human-centered development. The study is based on a qualitative methodological approach and applies socio-philosophical analysis, comparative analysis, institutional approach, and content analysis. The findings demonstrate that under conditions of digital epistemology, the formation, legitimation, and social dissemination of knowledge are closely connected with science–technology convergence. The study proposes a conceptual model reflecting the interactions among science, technology, digital environment, and human capital. The scientific contribution of the article lies in conceptualizing digital epistemology as a socio-philosophical mechanism of science–technology convergence and theoretically substantiating its developmental prospects in the context of Uzbekistan.
Digital epistemology; science–technology convergence; social philosophy; philosophy of knowledge; human-centered development; technological modernization; digital transformation; knowledge production; knowledge legitimation; digital society; knowledge economy; artificial intelligence; philosophy of technology; innovative development; institutional approach; post-industrial society; network society; scientific knowledge; social transformation; digital knowledge environment; epistemological paradigm; scientific rationality; digital modernization; human capital; New Uzbekistan.
ADJECTIVES IN ARABIC NAHIVI AND THE ADJECTIVE CLASS IN UZBEK: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
This article analyzes the adjective class of the Arabic and Uzbek languages from a comparative-typological perspective. The semantic, morphological, and syntactic characteristics of the adjective (al-naʿt) relation in Arabic grammar and the distinctive features of the adjective class in Uzbek are examined. The similarities and differences in adjectival formation, case agreement, the degree category, and syntactic functions in both languages are clarified.
Arabic grammar, adjective (nʿat), Uzbek language, adjective class, comparative analysis, degree of adjectives, agreement, relative adjective, morphological aspect.
Abduvahobov Shahzodbek Ravshanbek o‘g‘li
THE ROLE OF GRAMMAR IN TEACHING MONOLOGIC SPEECH
This article examines the place and role of grammar in the process of teaching monologic oral speech. The role of grammatical rules as an important means of constructing coherent, logically organized, and grammatically correct monologic utterances is revealed. Particular attention is paid to the relationship between grammatical competence and speech production, emphasizing the necessity of integrating theoretical grammatical knowledge with practical communicative activities.
Grammatical theory, constructive grammar, analytical and functional rules, model-based method, speech patterns, speech potential.
SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF SYNONYMS WIDELY USED IN CHINESE BUSINESS DOCUMENTS
This article conducts a semantic analysis of synonyms widely used in Chinese business documents. The study highlights the linguistic characteristics of the official business style (公文语体) and examines synonyms such as 截止/截至, 布置/部署, The semantic and usage differences of synonymic pairs such as 其他/其它, 中心/重心, 启用/起用, 整个/全部, 确切/确实, 保障/保证, 发明/发现, 表扬/奖励 are analyzed based on clear examples. Additionally, the functional types of service documents and the classification of foreign trade correspondence are presented. The results have practical significance for the correct translation and composition of texts in the official style of the Chinese language.
Synonymy, official business style, Chinese language, semantic analysis, synonymic row, business correspondence, foreign trade correspondence, lexicon.
PROSPECTS FOR THE APPLICATION OF QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY IN MODERN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
This article examines quantum-based encryption algorithms from the perspective of physical phenomena. Methods of practical application of the technology and means of its implementation are presented. In addition, current problems and advantages of quantum cryptography are analyzed. A method for increasing the speed of quantum-based encryption is proposed.
Information, security, information protection, quantum cryptography
ISSUES OF STRENGTHENING THE STATUS OF THE STATE LANGUAGE IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE OF UZBEKISTAN DURING THE INDEPENDENCE PERIOD
This article examines the issues of strengthening the status of the state language in the political discourse of Uzbekistan during the independence period. After gaining independence, the Uzbek language became not only a means of communication but also an important symbol of national identity, state sovereignty, historical continuity, and cultural renewal. The study analyzes how political texts, official speeches, legislative documents, public appeals, and ideological concepts have represented the role of the state language in social and political life. Particular attention is paid to the connection between language policy, national self-awareness, public administration, education, and cultural modernization. The article argues that the strengthening of the state language has been one of the key directions of post-independence nation-building. At the same time, the development of the Uzbek language in political discourse requires systematic terminological enrichment, consistent implementation in official communication, and deeper integration into higher education, science, media, and digital communication. The research highlights that political discourse has played a significant role in legitimizing the social importance of the state language and in shaping public attitudes toward its prestige and functional expansion.
State language, political discourse, language policy, national identity, independence period, Uzbek language, official communication, linguistic modernization.
ANALYSIS OF THE ELECTRONIC DATA EXCHANGE PROCESS THROUGH THE USB PORTS OF A COMPUTER
This article is dedicated to the process of data exchange between a device and a host via the USB interface. It analyzes the protocols and their structure used in the data exchange process over the USB interface. The types of packets, frames, transactions, and their practical applications in data exchange are discussed.
USB device, USB 2.0, USB 3.0, packet, frame, transaction, USB bus, PID, USB interface
ENHANCING ELECTRONIC DICTIONARIES THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF TRANSLATION EQUIVALENTS, CONTEXTUAL DATA, AND COLLOCATIONS
The rapid development of digital technologies has significantly transformed modern lexicography, leading to the emergence of electronic dictionaries as multifunctional linguistic resources. However, many electronic dictionaries still provide isolated lexical equivalents without sufficient contextual and collocational information, which may hinder accurate language comprehension and translation. This article examines the role of translation equivalents, contextual data, and collocations in enhancing the effectiveness of electronic dictionaries. Through a qualitative analysis of contemporary lexicographic studies and electronic dictionary practices, the study identifies key principles for integrating these components into dictionary structures. The findings suggest that comprehensive representation of lexical meaning through contextualized examples and collocational patterns improves dictionary usability, translation accuracy, and language learning outcomes.
Electronic dictionary, lexicography, translation equivalence, context, collocation, digital lexicography, bilingual dictionary, language learning.
INNOVATIVE METHODS FOR TEACHING ENGLISH IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
The article examines innovative methods for teaching English in higher education institutions, with particular attention to philological universities where language instruction must combine linguistic accuracy, communicative competence, intercultural awareness and academic literacy. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing demand for specialists who can use English not only as a subject of study, but also as a professional, scientific and intercultural communication tool. The paper focuses on student-centered, technology-enhanced and competency-based approaches, including blended learning, flipped classroom models, project-based learning, task-based instruction, digital platforms, corpus-based activities and artificial intelligence-supported learning practices. It is argued that innovative methods become pedagogically effective when they are integrated with clear learning objectives, systematic assessment, authentic materials and active student participation. In the context of higher philological education, such methods help students develop speaking, writing, critical thinking, translation, research and independent learning skills. The study emphasizes that the successful modernization of English teaching requires not only digital tools, but also methodological readiness of teachers, flexible curriculum design and continuous feedback. The article concludes that innovative English teaching methods can significantly improve the quality of language education when they are adapted to local academic needs and implemented as part of a coherent pedagogical system.
Innovative teaching methods, English language education, higher education, communicative competence, blended learning, digital pedagogy, philological training, student-centered learning.
INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION AND THE RECEPTION OF THE CONCEPT OF EDUCATION AND UPBRINGING IN WESTERN LITERARY SPACE: A CASE STUDY OF GʻAFUR GʻULOM’S A NAUGHTY BOY
This article examines the role of intercultural communication in the transmission and reception of the concept of education and upbringing (ta'lim-tarbiya) within Western literary space through the English translation of Gʻafur Gʻulom’s Shum Bola (A Naughty Boy). The study explores how culturally specific values, moral norms, and educational traditions embedded in the original text are represented in translation and perceived by Western readers. Employing qualitative comparative analysis and reception theory, the research identifies linguistic and cultural transformations that occur during the translation process. The findings demonstrate that while the translation successfully conveys the general educational message of the source text, certain national-cultural nuances are partially modified or lost, influencing intercultural understanding and literary reception.
Intercultural communication, literary translation, reception theory, education and upbringing, cultural transfer, national-cultural values, Shum Bola, Western literary space, concept analysis, Uzbek literature.
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF SNAKE NAMES IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE
This article examines the linguistic structure of snake names in the Uzbek language. The structural types of zoonyms, specifically the formation models of one-component, two-component, and multi-component names, are analyzed. During the study, more than 200 snake names are classified from morphological and syntactic perspectives.
Zoonym, structural analysis, one-component, two-component, multi-component, terminology, nomination, Uzbek language.
HYPERBOLE AS A LITERARY DEVICE: NATURE, FUNCTIONS, AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH OTHER FIGURES OF SPEECH
This paper examines hyperbole as a rhetorical and literary device, exploring its theoretical foundations, communicative functions, and stylistic characteristics within literary discourse. Hyperbole — the deliberate exaggeration of qualities, quantities, or conditions for expressive effect — has been a central feature of literary and oral traditions across cultures and historical periods. The study investigates the similarities and differences between hyperbole and related figures of speech, including litotes, metaphor, and simile, through comparative textual analysis. Drawing on examples from English literature, from Shakespeare and Milton to contemporary fiction and poetry, the article demonstrates how hyperbole operates as a structuring principle of both lyric intensity and satirical critique. The findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of hyperbole's role in meaning-making, reader response, and the aesthetics of literary language.
Hyperbole, overstatement, figures of speech, literary devices, metaphor, litotes, simile, rhetoric, stylistics, expressive language.
PUNCTUATION AS A STYLISTIC DEVICE IN BELLE-LETTRES DISCOURSE: ENGLISH UZBEK COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXPRESSIVE WRITING
This article investigates the stylistic functions of punctuation marks in belle-lettres discourse from a comparative English–Uzbek perspective. Moving beyond the traditional view of punctuation as a purely syntactic and orthographic system, the study conceptualizes punctuation as a dynamic stylistic device that contributes to expressive meaning-making in literary and semi-literary texts. The primary aim is to identify how punctuation marks function as tools of emotional expression, narrative organization, and authorial voice construction within belle-lettres writing.
Punctuation, belle-lettres discourse, stylistics, expressive writing, English–Uzbek comparison, discourse analysis, literary style, authorial voice, emotional expression, contrastive linguistics.
THEORETICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR DEVELOPING THE PROFESSIONAL MOTIVATION OF FUTURE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS
The professional motivation of future English language teachers is a crucial factor influencing teacher effectiveness, professional growth, and educational quality. Motivated teachers demonstrate higher levels of commitment, pedagogical competence, and engagement in lifelong learning. Therefore, understanding the theoretical and pedagogical foundations of professional motivation is essential for improving teacher education programs. This article examines major motivational theories, pedagogical approaches, and factors contributing to the development of professional motivation among future English language teachers. The study emphasizes the importance of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, professional identity formation, reflective practice, collaborative learning, and practical teaching experiences in fostering motivated and competent educators.
Professional motivation, English language teachers, teacher education, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, professional identity, pedagogical foundations, lifelong learning.
TEACHERS’ READINESS FOR CLIL IMPLEMENTATION IN EFL HIGHER EDUCATION: LINGUISTIC, PEDAGOGICAL, AND INSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVES
The growing internationalization of higher education has increased the demand for educational approaches that promote both disciplinary expertise and foreign language proficiency. Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) has emerged as an influential pedagogical framework capable of addressing these dual objectives by integrating subject content and language learning within a unified instructional environment. Despite its increasing adoption across universities worldwide, the effectiveness of CLIL largely depends on teachers’ readiness to implement it successfully. Teacher readiness encompasses multiple dimensions, including linguistic competence, pedagogical preparedness, and institutional support. However, limited research has explored the interaction of these factors in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) higher education contexts. The findings indicate that teachers generally recognize the educational benefits of CLIL and demonstrate positive attitudes toward its implementation. Nevertheless, significant differences in readiness levels were observed across linguistic, pedagogical, and institutional dimensions. The results reveal that linguistic competence strongly influences teachers’ confidence and instructional flexibility. Pedagogical preparedness is associated with previous CLIL training and experience with learner-centered methodologies. Institutional support, including professional development opportunities, access to resources, and administrative commitment, emerged as a critical factor influencing successful implementation. The study concludes that effective CLIL integration requires a comprehensive strategy combining teacher development initiatives, curriculum alignment, and institutional policy support.
CLIL, teacher readiness, EFL higher education, linguistic competence, pedagogical preparedness, institutional support, bilingual education, higher education.
THE CONCEPT OF "GREETING" AND ITS CULTURAL AND CONCEPTUAL MEANING
This article examines the concept of greeting and its cultural and conceptual significance in different societies. Greetings, being fundamental social acts, serve not only to recognize the presence of another person, but also to express respect, establish social ties and transmit cultural values. social hierarchies and communicative context.
Greeting, cultural norms, social interaction, non-verbal communication, politeness, social cohesion, intercultural communication, cultural identity, communicative rituals.